ViewFrame
This class provides a framework for building simple GUIs. Each instance of the class is a graphical view to objects that represent the states of a domain model; those states can be (but are not required to be) immutable objects. A ViewFrame displays the model as graphics within a GUI frame.
Note to students: this is not the view class that we commonly use in O1 but an alternative implementation. For the usual View, see here.
The key method in the class is makePic, which the view calls automatically and repeatedly to determine which Pic to display in the frame at each moment in time. Concrete view objects must add an implementation for this abstract method.
A view listens to GUI events within the frame, but it doesn’t really do anything when notified of an event; concrete instances of the class can override this behavior by overriding one of the “on methods” (onClick, onMouseMove, etc.). The view also runs an internal clock and can react to the passing of time (onTick).
Just creating a view object is not enough to display it onscreen and start the clock; see the start method.
Please note that even though this class is designed to work with immutable model states, the actual ViewFrame is not itself immutable.
Type parameters
- Model
-
the type of the states of the model
Parameters
- closeWhenDone
-
whether the
ViewFrameshould be hidden and its clock stopped once the view has reached a “done state” (as per isDone) (optional; defaults tofalse) - initialDelay
-
an additional delay in milliseconds between calling start and the clock starting (optional; defaults to 600)
- initialState
-
the initial state of the model to be displayed in the view (the only required parameter). This class has been designed to work conveniently with immutable model objects (cf. o1.gui.mutable.ViewFrame).
- refreshPolicy
-
a policy for how eagerly the view should try to update the graphical representation of its model (optional; changing this may improve efficiency in some circumstances)
- terminateOnClose
-
whether the entire application should exit when the
ViewFrameis closed (optional; defaults totrue) - tickRate
-
the clock of the view will tick roughly this many times per second (optional; defaults to 24)
- title
-
a string to be displayed in the frame’s title bar (optional)
Attributes
- Graph
-
- Supertypes
- Known subtypes
-
class Traced[TraceData]
Members list
Type members
Classlikes
A view that wraps around another, collecting a log or trace of events while delegating its actual event-handling to the wrapped view. Provides additional methods for accessing such traces: trace, simulateAndGet, and startAndGet. A few examples of using these methods are given below.
A view that wraps around another, collecting a log or trace of events while delegating its actual event-handling to the wrapped view. Provides additional methods for accessing such traces: trace, simulateAndGet, and startAndGet. A few examples of using these methods are given below.
simulate 500 clock ticks on the trace-collecing view and print the trace of clock ticks accompanied by descriptions of the view’äs model.
for (traceItem, traceEvent) <- myTracedView.simulateAndGet(500) do
println(traceEvent + ": " + traceItem)
Or, equivalently:
myTracedView.simulate(500)
for (traceItem, traceEvent) <- myTracedView.trace do
println(traceEvent + ": " + traceItem)
Alternatively, start the trace-collecting view and run it interactively until it is done or a tick limit is reached. Then print the trace of ticks and GUI events accompanied with descriptions of the view’s model.
val futureTrace = myTracedView.startAndGet(tickLimit=100) recover {
case Aborted(message, partialTrace) => partialTrace
}
for trace <- futureTrace; (traceItem, traceEvent) <- trace do
println(traceEvent + ": " + traceItem)
Type parameters
- TraceData
-
the type of the model-state descriptions in the trace
Parameters
- extractTrace
-
a function that determines how to describe a model state in the generated trace
Attributes
Value members
Constructors
An alternative constructor. Takes in just the initial state and the title; uses the defaults for all the other parameters. Please see the multi-parameter constructor for details.
An alternative constructor. Takes in just the initial state and the title; uses the defaults for all the other parameters. Please see the multi-parameter constructor for details.
Parameters
- initialState
-
the initial state of the model to be displayed in the view
- title
-
a string to be displayed in the frame’s title bar
Attributes
An alternative constructor. Takes in just the initial state and the tick rate; uses the defaults for all the other parameters. Please see the multi-parameter constructor for details.
An alternative constructor. Takes in just the initial state and the tick rate; uses the defaults for all the other parameters. Please see the multi-parameter constructor for details.
Parameters
- initialState
-
the initial state of the model to be displayed in the view
- tickRate
-
the clock of the view will tick roughly this many times per second
Attributes
Concrete methods
Returns a view that collects of the ticks and GUI events that the View’s event handlers process, using the given function to generate that trace. That trace-collecting view, which an instance of the Traced subclass, delegates the actual event handling to this original view but provides an additional interface for tracing.
Returns a view that collects of the ticks and GUI events that the View’s event handlers process, using the given function to generate that trace. That trace-collecting view, which an instance of the Traced subclass, delegates the actual event handling to this original view but provides an additional interface for tracing.
Type parameters
- TraceData
-
the type of the model-state descriptions in the trace
Parameters
- extractTrace
-
a function that determines how to describe a model state in the generated trace
Attributes
- See also
Inherited methods
Sets a new tick rate for the view, replacing any previously set by the constructor or this method.
Sets a new tick rate for the view, replacing any previously set by the constructor or this method.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Closes the view: stops it (as per stop), does any onClose effects, hides the GUI window, and possibly terminates the entire application (as per the constructor parameter).
Closes the view: stops it (as per stop), does any onClose effects, hides the GUI window, and possibly terminates the entire application (as per the constructor parameter).
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
The icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
The icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Sets the icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
Sets the icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
Parameters
- icon
-
a picture to be used as the icon
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Sets the icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
Sets the icon to be displayed in the title bar of this view’s GUI frame.
Parameters
- icon
-
a picture to be used as the icon; if
None, en empty icon image will be displayed
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Determines if the given state is a “done state” for the view. By default, this is never the case, but that behavior can be overridden.
Determines if the given state is a “done state” for the view. By default, this is never the case, but that behavior can be overridden.
Once done, the view stops reacting to events and updating its graphics and may close its GUi window, depending on the constructor parameters of the view.
Parameters
- state
-
a state of the model (possibly a done state)
Attributes
- Definition Classes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Indicates whether the view is paused. By default, always returns false.
Indicates whether the view is paused. By default, always returns false.
Attributes
- See also
- Definition Classes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Returns a Pic that graphically represents the given state of the view’s model. This method is automatically invoked by the view after GUI events and clock ticks. Left abstract by this class so any concrete view needs to add a custom implementation.
Returns a Pic that graphically represents the given state of the view’s model. This method is automatically invoked by the view after GUI events and clock ticks. Left abstract by this class so any concrete view needs to add a custom implementation.
For best results, all invocations of this method on a single view object should return Pics of equal dimensions.
Parameters
- state
-
a state of the model to be displayed
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is clicked (pressed+relesed, possibly multiple times in sequence) above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is clicked (pressed+relesed, possibly multiple times in sequence) above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the click event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is clicked (pressed+relesed, possibly multiple times in sequence) above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is clicked (pressed+relesed, possibly multiple times in sequence) above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- position
-
the position of the mouse cursor relative to the view’s top left-hand corner
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the click event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Causes an effect when the view’s GUI window is closed for any reason. By default, this method does nothing.
Causes an effect when the view’s GUI window is closed for any reason. By default, this method does nothing.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is pressed down while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is pressed down while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is pressed down while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is pressed down while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- key
-
the key that was pressed down
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is released while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is released while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is released while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is released while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- key
-
the key that was released
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is pressed down above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is pressed down above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is pressed down above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is pressed down above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- position
-
the position of the mouse cursor relative to the view’s top left-hand corner
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor is dragged above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor is dragged above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the drag event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor is dragged above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor is dragged above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- position
-
the position of the mouse cursor relative to the view’s top left-hand corner
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the drag event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor enters the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor enters the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor exits the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor exits the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor moves above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor moves above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the move event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor moves above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse cursor moves above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- position
-
the position of the mouse cursor relative to the view’s top left-hand corner
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the move event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is released above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is released above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is released above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a mouse button is released above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- position
-
the position of the mouse cursor relative to the view’s top left-hand corner
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the mouse event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one on a tick of the view’s internal clock. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one on a tick of the view’s internal clock. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need the number of the clock tick, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- previousState
-
the state of the model before the clock tick
- time
-
the running number of the clock tick (the first tick being number 1, the second 2, etc.)
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one on a tick of the view’s internal clock. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one on a tick of the view’s internal clock. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Parameters
- previousState
-
the state of the model before the clock tick
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is typed (pressed+released) while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is typed (pressed+released) while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is typed (pressed+released) while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when a key on the keyboard is typed (pressed+released) while the view has the keyboard focus. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- character
-
the key that was typed
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the keyboard event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse wheel is rotated above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse wheel is rotated above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If you don’t need much information about the GUI event, you may find it simpler to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- event
-
the GUI event that caused this handler to be called
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the wheel event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse wheel is rotated above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
Determines what state should follow the given one when the mouse wheel is rotated above the view. By default, just returns the unchanged state, but this can be overridden.
If the desired behavior depends on detailed information about the GUI event, you may want to implement the other method of the same name instead of this one.
Parameters
- rotation
-
the number of steps the wheel rotated (negative means up, positive down)
- state
-
the state of the model at the time of the wheel event
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Programmatically requests an update to the graphics of the view (even though no clock tick or triggering GUI event occurred).
Programmatically requests an update to the graphics of the view (even though no clock tick or triggering GUI event occurred).
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Runs the view as if by calling start except that it runs “headless”, with no actual GUI window visible and independently of a real-time clock. A number of simulated clock ticks are immediately sent to the view; this continues until either the view determines it is done or a predetermined maximum number of ticks has been reached.
Runs the view as if by calling start except that it runs “headless”, with no actual GUI window visible and independently of a real-time clock. A number of simulated clock ticks are immediately sent to the view; this continues until either the view determines it is done or a predetermined maximum number of ticks has been reached.
Parameters
- tickLimit
-
the maximum number of ticks to simulate;
Int.MaxValue(which is the default) means there is no such limit
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Determines whether the view should play a sound, given a state of its model. By default, no sounds are played.
Determines whether the view should play a sound, given a state of its model. By default, no sounds are played.
Parameters
- state
-
a state of the model
Attributes
Starts the view: loads the model in the GUI window, makes the window visible oncreen, and starts the clock. Cf. simulate.
Starts the view: loads the model in the GUI window, makes the window visible oncreen, and starts the clock. Cf. simulate.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Stops the view: stops the clock, stops listening to events, and disposes of the GUI window. A stopped view cannot be restarted.
Stops the view: stops the clock, stops listening to events, and disposes of the GUI window. A stopped view cannot be restarted.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Returns a brief textual description of the view.
Returns a brief textual description of the view.
Attributes
- Definition Classes
-
ViewFrameImpl -> Any
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
the tooltip text to be displayed while the mouse hovers on the view
the tooltip text to be displayed while the mouse hovers on the view
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Sets the tooltip text to be displayed while the mouse hovers on the view.
Sets the tooltip text to be displayed while the mouse hovers on the view.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- ViewFrameImpl
Returns a View that stores a trace of the ticks and GUI events that its event handlers process. This parameterless method stores, at each event, the (immutable) state of the View’s model. This is equivalent to calling tracedWith and passing in identity.
Returns a View that stores a trace of the ticks and GUI events that its event handlers process. This parameterless method stores, at each event, the (immutable) state of the View’s model. This is equivalent to calling tracedWith and passing in identity.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
Returns a View that stores a pictorial trace of the ticks and GUI events that the View’s event handlers process. This is equivalent to calling tracedWith and passing in the View’s makePic method.
Returns a View that stores a pictorial trace of the ticks and GUI events that the View’s event handlers process. This is equivalent to calling tracedWith and passing in the View’s makePic method.
Attributes
- Inherited from:
- Controls
whether this view’s GUI frame is visible onscreen
Sets whether this view’s GUI frame is visible onscreen.